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  Intending to put Krakow’s intelligentsia to shame, Stalin focused on creating the district of Nowa Huta in 1949. A product of Communist propaganda, it combined a giant steelworks plant with an idyllic proletarian city. In reality, the area became a stronghold for artistic and spiritual resistance and the Solidarity movement eventually toppled the Communist regime in 1989.

Photography by Jakub Sliwa